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Panama: Facts & StatsDemographicsPopulation:Panama had a population of 3,309,679 in 2008. As of the year 2000, the majority of the population, 50.1%, was Mestizo. African and Mulattos were together the largest minority, accounting for 22%. For the remaining groups the percentages were: native Central American 6.7%, European 8.6%, Asian 5.5%, and other 7.1%.The Amerindian population includes seven indigenous peoples: the Emberá, Wounaan, Guaymí, Ngöbe Buglé, Kuna, Naso and Bribri. More than half the population lives in the Panama City–Colón metropolitan corridor. Welfare:The Ministry of Health bore primary responsibility for public health programs in the late 1980s. At the district and regional levels, medical directors were responsible for maintaining healthcare services at health-care centers and hospitals and monitoring outreach programs for the communities surrounding these facilities. The Social Security Institute also maintained a medical fund for its members and ran a number of health-care facilities, which members could use for free and others for a nominal fee.Panama's social security system covered most permanent employees. Its principal disbursements were for retirement and health care. Permanent employees paid taxes to the Social Security Institute; the self-employed contributed on the basis of income as reported on income-tax returns. Agricultural workers were generally exempted. Changes lowered the age at which workers could retire and altered the basis on which benefits were calculated. The general effect of the changes was to encourage the retirement of those best paid and best covered. It did little to benefit the most disadvantaged workers. Education:For the year 2000, adult illiteracy was estimated at 8.1% of the population (males, 7.4%; females, 8.7%). Education is free and compulsory for children ages 6 through 15. At secondary, vocational, and university levels, fees may be charged for the development of libraries and laboratories. Primary education lasts six years. In 1996 there were 2,849 primary schools with 371,250 students.The leading institution of higher education, the state-run University of Panama, was founded in Panama City in 1935. A Catholic university, Santa María la Antigua, was inaugurated in May 1965, with an initial enrollment of 233. In 1996, at all institutions of higher learning, there were 4,979 teaching staff with 80,980 students enrolled. Religion:Roman Catholicism is recognized by the constitution of 1972 as the majority religion, the constitution also guarantees religious freedom, as well as separation of church and state. In 1998, an estimated 82% of the people were Roman Catholic; 10% were evangelicals; and 3% were unaffiliated with any religious group. There were small groups of Latter-Day Saints (Mormons), Seventh-Day Adventists, Jehovah's Witnesses, Episcopalians, and other Christians. Buddhists, Jews, Muslims, and Baha'is also had small communities. Panama is home to one of the world's seven Baha'i Houses of Worship. |
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