TRANSPORTATION
Roads:
In 2002, there were 11,592 km (7,203 mi) of roads, of which about 4,079 km (2,534 mi) were paved, including 30 km (19 mi) of expressways. The principal highway is the National (or Central) Highway, the Panamanian section of the Pan American Highway, which runs from the Costa Rican border, via Panama City and Chepo, to the Colombian border.
The 80-km (50-mi) Trans-Isthmian Highway links Colón and Panama City. Panama's rugged terrain impedes highway development, and there are few good roads in the republic's eastern sections.
Railroads:
Railway lines total 355 km (220 mi) of track, all government run. The Panama Railroad parallels the canal for 77 km (48 mi) between Colón and Panama City. Other lines connect Pedregal, David, Puerto Armuelles, and Boquete and unify Bocas del Toro Province.
Railway links to adjacent countries
(from North to South)
- Costa Rica - no (there was a break-of-gauge from 3 ft (914 mm) since Costa Rica uses 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) gauge)
- Colombia - no
- FERISTSA Railway would connect Mexico with Panama - 1,435 mm (4 ft 81?2 in) gauge.
Aviation:
Panama is a crossroads for air travel within the Americas. There were 107 airports, 41 of which had paved runways in 2001. The most widely used domestic airline is Compañía Panameña de Aviación (COPA), which also flies throughout Central America.
Air Panama International serves passenger traffic to the US and South America, and Internacional de Aviación (INAIR) is an international passenger and cargo carrier.
Panama has two international airports, the largest, Tocumen International Airport in Panama City and the smaller, Omar Torrijos International Airport, 19 km (12 mi) east of Panama City. In 2001, 1,114,700 passengers were carried on scheduled domestic and international airline flights.